OOP CPP Programming language by Nadir Nadeem Part-1

OOP CPP Programming language by Nadir Nadeem Part-1

Programming 12.03.2024   0 Comments  Add to Reading List

OOP C++ (CPP) Programming language in single view

C++ is a powerful and versatile programming language used to develop a wide variety of software applications, including system software, game development, embedded systems, and more.

Key Features and Features:

Object-oriented: C++ supports object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigms, including classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

High performance: C++ is known for its high performance and efficiency, which makes it suitable for resource-intensive applications and system programming.

Compiled Language: C++ is a compiled language.

Platform independence: C++ code can be compiled to run on different platforms, including Windows, Linux, MacOS, etc.

Standard Library: C++ provides a rich standard library (STL) that includes data structures, algorithms, input/output operations, and utilities.

Memory Management: C++ offers manual memory management through pointers as well as automatic memory management through features like smart pointers and RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization).

Low-level control: C++ allows low-level memory manipulation and direct hardware access, giving developers precise control over system resources.

Templates: C++ templates enable generic programming, allowing functions and classes.

Multi-paradigm: C++ supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented and generic programming.

Overall

C++ is a flexible and powerful language with a wide range of applications, offering developers the tools they need to create efficient, scalable, and high-performance software solutions.

Lab Work:

C++ Programming with example:

C/C++ Language:

Software requirement:

Dev-C++ Download for Free - 2024 Latest VersionDevC++

Download Link:

https://www.bloodshed.net/

Table of Contents

Software requirement: 1

Language: 1

Translator: 1

Translator Types: 1

Language types: 1

Language have: 2

Lecture-2. 2

Cpp Application: 2

Interface: 2

C/Cpp Language tips: 3

Program structure: 3

CPP program structure. 3

Programming in c/c++. 3

Output/input functions. 4

Escape sequence: 6

Lecture-3: 7

Operators: 8

Data type commonly: 9

Datatype in cpp: 9

Variable declaration: 9

Variable rules : 10

Lecture-4: 12

Input function: 13

Color in CPP console: 14

Function (System()): 14

Library name: 14

Color List (Standard console 16 color values) 14

Color with. 15

Language:

  • Communication way is called language.
  • Language must be same from both side
  • If not same è solution is translator

Translator:

  • Convert from one language to another language

Translator Types:

  • Line by line (Interpreter)
  • Read whole program and then give the result (Compiler)

Language types:

  • Low-level languages (special purpose)
    • For example:
      • Machine language
      • Assembly language
        • Program (Apps)
          • Operating system
          • Virus
          • Anti-virus
          • Drivers
  • Hegh-level Language (common purpose languages)
    • c/cpp
    • Java
    • Python
    • Java script
    • HTML
    • PHP
    • etc. etc.

Language have:

  • Alphabets: a single alphabet is called letter. è Char (Character) 
  • Word: set of chars is called word. è Keyword or Reserve word
  • Statement: set of words is called statement. è conditions and loop
  • Paragraph: set of statements is called paragraphè function/method
    • but in true sequence:

Set of chars word but in true sequence:

  1. Sleep Selep

He is going to school.

He to going is school.

 

 

Lecture-2

Cpp Application:

  • Run DEVc++ IDEDev-C++ Download for Free - 2024 Latest Version

Interface:

IDE (Editor) è Integrated Development Environment

Dev C++ IDE: Installation, Features And C++ Development

 

C/Cpp Language tips:

  • End statement with Sami colon è;
  • Freeze any line è // binging of line or statementà ctrl+/
  • Every block start with { and end with }
  • Ext of c++ è.cpp

CPP program structure

  • A program structure must be written every time a new program is created. 

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(...) {

                   Coding area

                    Return 0;

}

Programming in c/c++

Create a new program(project)

File à New à Project à select console à write project name

 

 

Output/input functions

1:- output function

  • cout<<

Syntax: (method of writing)

cout<<”Any text”;

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               cout<<"Pakistan";

               cout<<"Lahore";

               cout<<"Gujrat";

               cout<<"Gujranwala";

              

               return 0;

}

Output:

Example: with endl

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               cout<<"Pakistan"<<endl;

               cout<<"Lahore"<<endl;

               cout<<"Gujrat"<<endl;

               cout<<"Gujranwala"<<endl;

              

return 0;

}

Output:

 

For new line

  • endl
  • \n

Example: with \n (Escape sequence)

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               cout<<"Pakistan\n";

               cout<<"Lahore\n";

               cout<<"Gujrat\n";

               cout<<"Gujranwala\n";

              

               return 0;

}

Output

Escape sequence:

  • \nè new line
  • \t è tab
  • \b è back space
  • \” è print double quotes
  • \\ è print back slash
  • Etc

==================================

Assignment 1: My complete Biodata

==================================

Name:                  Ali

F_Name:              ….

City

Address

Email

Cellno

=======================

Composed by apna apna name

Example: assignment hint

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               cout<<"========================"<<endl;

               cout<<"      Maaz\\Ali"<<endl;

               cout<<"========================"<<endl;

               cout<<"Name:                   Ali"<<endl;

               return 0;

}

Lecture-3:

  • cout<<”text”;
  • cout<<numaricvalue;
  • cout<<variable;

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

 

               cout<<"Lahore"<<endl;

               cout<<20+10<<endl;

               cout<<"20+10"<<endl;

               return 0;

}

Output

Operators:

  • Arithmetic operators
    • + è sum
    • – è subtraction
    • *è multiplication
    • / è division
    • % è remainder (Mod) Modulo
    • = è equal to (assignment operator)
  • Comparison operators
    • <
    • >
    • <=
    • >=
    • !=
    • ==
  • Logical operators
    • And è&&
    • Or è||
    • Not è!
  • Increment operators
    • ++ è single increment
    • += è multiple increment
  • Decrement operators
    • - -
    • -=

Variable:

  • Global variable (public)
  • Local variable (private)

x=10

X è is called variable

10 è value of x

Data type commonly:

  • Alphabetic data (text data or string)
  • Numeric data
  • Alphanumeric data
  • MM data
    • Image
    • Video
    • Audio

Datatype in cpp:

  • Numeric data type:
    • int è for integer value
    • float è floating point value
    • double è floating point value
  • Text data types
    • string
    • char

Variable declaration:

Syntax:

  • datatype variable;
  • datatype variable=value;

ie.

int x=10;

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               int x=10;

               cout<<x;

               return 0;

}

Output

Variable rules :

X, x1, y2, sum, sum_2, abc_v1… è true

1x, sum-1, sum w, … è false

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               int x=10;

               float y=20.8;

               string s1="Pakistan";

               cout<<x<<endl;

               cout<<y<<endl;

               cout<<s1<<endl;

               return 0;

}

Output:

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               int x=10;

               float y=20.8;

               string s1="Pakistan";

               cout<<"Value of x= "<<x<<endl;

               cout<<"Value of y= "<<y<<endl;

               return 0;

}

Output

 

Example:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               int x=10,y=5;

//            x=10;

//            y=5;

               cout<<"1st value:= "<<x<<endl;

               cout<<"2nd value:= "<<y<<endl;

               cout<<"Sum of both values:= "<<(x+y)<<endl;

               cout<<"Sub of both values:= "<<(x-y)<<endl;

               cout<<"Mul of both values:= "<<(x*y)<<endl;

               cout<<"Div of both values:= "<<(x/y)<<endl;

               cout<<"Mod of both values:= "<<(x%y)<<endl;

              

               return 0;

}

Output:

 

Lecture-4:

Input function:

cin>>

  • syntax:
    • cin>>variable;

example: with input function cin>>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               int x;

               cout<<"Enter int value:= ";

               cin>>x;

               cout<<"Your entered value:= "<<x<<endl;

              

               return 0;

}

Output

 

Ass#2: Simple calculation

Enter 1st value:= 10

Enter 2nd value:= 5

1st value:= 10

2nd value:= 5

Sum of both = 15

Sub of both = 5

Mul of both = 50

Division of both = 2

Mod value= 0

Color in CPP console:

Function (System()):

  • System()
    • syntax(“Color bf”);
      • b àbackground color value
      • fàforeground color value

Library name:

  • <windows.h> OR <stdlib.h>

Color List (Standard console 16 color values)

Color id

Color

Color id

Color

1

Blue

9

Light Blue

2

Green

0

Black

3

Aqua

A

Light Green

4

Red

B

Light Aqua

5

Purple

C

Light Red

6

Yellow

D

Light Purple

7

White

E

Light Yellow

8

Gray

F

Bright White

 

Example:

#include <iostream>

#include <windows.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               system("Color 04");

               cout<<"Ahmed Raza"<<endl;

              return 0;

}

Output:

Color with

  • SetConsoleTextAttribute() function &
  • GetStdHandle() function with STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE object
  • Syntax: 
    • SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),color_value);       

Example:

#include <windows.h>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

                              SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),4);           

                              cout << "Using colour:"<<endl;

                              SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),18);         

                              cout << "Using colour:"<<endl;

                             

}

Input functionè Assignments

Ass#3 calculate area of rectangle: (L*W):

Enter length of rec:= 2

Enter width of rec:= 3

Length =2

Width = 3

Area of rectangle:= 6

Ass#4 calculate area of circle: (pi*r*r):

Enter radius of circle:= 6

6 radius have area of circle is ….

Ass#5 calculate area of triangle: (1/2*l*w)

Ass#6 Convert KM to Meters & Meters to KM

Enter KM: 6

6 KM = 6000 Meters

Ass#7 Convert Cg to Fh & fh to c0

Ass#8 Convert KG to Gram & Gram to KG

Lecture 5

Conditional statements:

  1. If- else (single condition)
  2. If- else if -else (multiple conditions)
  3. Switch-case (multiple conditions)

1:- if-else

Syntax:

If(condition){

               Blok1

}

else{

               block2(default block)

}

Example:

#include <iostream>

#include <windows.h>

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

               int x=10;

               if(x>100){

                              cout<<"Ahmed";

               }

               else{

                              cout<<"Danial";

               }

 

               return 0;

}

Output

 

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